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Abstract

ABSTRACT
Introduction. Sodium hypochlorite is a crucial element in the water treatment process. We aimed to verify if schools that lack adequate access to water and don’t provide hygiene education courses would improve water quality after an intervention program. Methods. Twenty schools from the rural area of Burkina Faso were equipped with electro-chlorinator devices that produce sodium hypochlorite and received training to make water drinkable. Data related to behavioral change was collected. In addition, microbiological analysis of fecal coliforms, total coliforms, and fecal streptococci was performed in the drinking water from water stations or water storage containers. These indicators were measured before and two years after the program in six schools that participated, paired with three control schools from the same region. Results. Before the intervention, no schools practiced treating their water. After intervention, schools did it daily. WASH courses and water treatment training were also observed in intervention schools. Only the samples belonging to the control schools contained microorganisms in the drinking water after the intervention, particularly fecal coliforms and total coliforms. Fecal streptococci were not detected in any of the samples analyzed. Before the intervention, 50% of water samples from the intervention group and 66% from the control group were contaminated with fecal coliforms. Conclusion. Schools became independent of external disinfectant production after receiving electro-chlorinator devices and proper training to comply with WASH measures. Our findings might be useful to public health practitioners trying to implement sustainable programs.


RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. L'hypochlorite de sodium est un élément crucial dans le processus de traitement de l'eau. Nous avons cherché à vérifier si les écoles qui n'ont pas un accès adéquat à l'eau et ne dispensent pas de cours d'hygiène amélioreraient la qualité de l'eau après un programme. Méthodes. Vingt écoles de la zone rurale du Burkina Faso ont été équipées d'appareils d'électrochloration pour produire de l'hypochlorite de sodium et ont reçu une formation pour rendre l'eau potable. Des données relatives au changement de comportement ont été recueillies. De plus, une analyse microbiologique des coliformes fécaux, des coliformes totaux et des streptocoques fécaux a été effectuée dans l'eau potable des contenants de stockage. Ces indicateurs ont été mesurés avant et 2 ans après le programme dans six écoles participantes, jumelées à 3 écoles témoins de la même région. Résultats. Avant l'intervention, aucune école ne pratiquait le traitement de son eau. Après cela, les écoles d'intervention l'ont fait quotidiennement. Des cours WASH et des formations sur le traitement de l'eau ont également été observés dans les écoles d'intervention. Seuls les échantillons appartenant aux écoles témoins ont détecté des micro-organismes dans l'eau potable après l'intervention, notamment des coliformes fécaux et des coliformes totaux. Les streptocoques fécaux n'ont été détectés dans aucun des échantillons analysés. Avant l'intervention, 50% des échantillons d'eau du groupe d'intervention et 66% du groupe témoin étaient contaminés par des coliformes fécaux. Conclusion. Les écoles sont devenues indépendantes de la production de désinfectant pour se conformer aux mesures WASH.

Keywords

Burkina Faso Waterborne diseases electro-chlorinator device WASH interventions water chlorination schools Burkina Faso maladies hydriques appareil electro-chlorateur WASH chloration de l'eau écoles

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Author Biographies

Pierre-Gilles Duvernay, Antenna Foundation. Avenue de la Grenade 24, 1207, Geneva, Switzerland.

Head of school Unit and Technical advisor Water&Hygiene. 

Renata Campos Nogueira , Antenna Foundation. Av. de la grenade, 24. Genève

Pharmacienne, MSc Co-responsable du programme Médecines
How to Cite
Duvernay, P.-G. ., Campos Nogueira , R. . ., Pittet , L., Pereira Vale dos Passos , M., Guira, O. ., Bamouni, I. ., & Korgo, P. . (2022). Water Quality and Hygiene Behavior in Burkina Faso: The Impact of Locally Produced Sodium Hypochlorite Solution in Schools. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 23(8). https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v23i8.3692
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