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ABSTRACT
Introduction. The aim of our work was to epidemiology, clinical features, management and complications of trauma to abdominal hollow organs in Douala. Methodology. We carried out a retrospective and analytical study in four hospitals in the city of Douala over a period of 10 years from January 1st, 2012 to December 31st, 2021.. Results. We included 101 files in our study. The average age was 32,3 years with a sex ratio of 4.94. Assaults were the most frequent circumstances of occurrence (49.5%). Abdominal wounds were found in 65.3% cases and signs of peritonitis were present 62.0% of patients. Anaemia was present in 52.5% of patients. All our patients underwent laparotomy and the small intestine was the most affected organ in 59.4% of cases. The morbidity rate was 12.9% and the mortality rate 7.9%. Pale conjunctiva (OR= 8.167; p<0.0001), moderate anaemia (OR= 8.750; p=0.032), duration of hospitalization between 6 and 10 days (OR= 8.000; p=0.033), between 11 and 15 days (OR=20.250; p=0.018) were significantly associated with morbidity. Mortality was significantly associated with: conjunctival pallor (OR=52.182; p<0.0001). Conclusion. In our study, hollow organ trauma, although infrequent, is the source of a high morbidity and mortality rate. Knowledge of the latter would undoubtedly improve the prognosis of this pathology.
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Les traumatismes abdominaux sont des lésions produites au niveau de la paroi abdominale et/ou de son contenu par un agent externe. Le but de notre travail était d'étudier les aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques, thérapeutiques et pronostiques des traumatismes des organes creux à Douala. Méthodologie. Nous avons réalisé une étude rétrospective et analytique dans quatre hôpitaux de la ville de Douala sur une période de 10 ans, du 1er janvier 2012 au 31 décembre 2021. Résultats. Nous avons inclus 101 dossiers dans notre étude. L'âge moyen était de 32,3 ans avec un sex-ratio de 4,94. Les agressions étaient les circonstances les plus fréquentes d'apparition (49,5%). Les plaies abdominales ont été retrouvées dans 65,3% des cas et des signes de péritonite étaient présents chez 62,0% des patients. L'anémie était présente chez 52,5% des patients. Tous nos patients ont subi une laparotomie et l'intestin grêle était l'organe le plus touché dans 59,4% des cas. Le taux de morbidité était de 12,9% et le taux de mortalité de 7,9%. La conjonctive pâle (OR= 8,167 ; p<0,0001), l'anémie modérée (OR= 8,750 ; p=0,032), la durée d'hospitalisation entre 6 et 10 jours (OR= 8,000 ; p=0,033), entre 11 et 15 jours (OR= 20,250 ; p=0,018) étaient significativement associées à la morbidité. La mortalité était significativement associée à : la pâleur conjonctivale (OR= 52,182 ; p<0,0001). Conclusion. Dans notre étude, les traumatismes des organes creux, bien que peu fréquents, sont la source d'un taux élevé de morbidité et de mortalité. La connaissance de ces derniers améliorerait sans aucun doute le pronostic de cette pathologie.

Keywords

Trauma of hollow organs abdomen diagnostic treatment Douala abdomen Traumatisme des organes creux diagnostic traitement Douala

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Engbang Jean Paul, Mantho Pauline, Nyanit Bob Dorcas, Mvondo Onana Valery, Edima Gladys, Ntama Ambroise, Essola Basile, Essomba Noel, & Marcelin Ngowe Ngowe. (2024). Trauma of Abdominal Hollow Organs of Adolescents and Adults in Douala: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Management and Complications. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v25i1.5312
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