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ABSTRACT
Introduction. Hypertension was one of the most common co-morbidities in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The objective of our study was to examine the differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 with hypertension compared to those without hypertension in Cameroon. Methodology. This was a retrospective study. Socio-demographic, clinical presentation and outcomes were compared. The threshold for statistical significance was set at p-value < 0.05. Results. Hypertension was reported in 98 (46.9%, 95% CI: 40 – 53.9) patients. Patients with hypertension were older compared to those without hypertension (66.1 ± 11.6 years vs 54.5 ± 19.2 years, p<0.001). In COVID-19 patients with hypertension, the coexistence of diabetes mellitus was significantly higher (48% vs 16.2%, p<0.001). Patients with hypertension had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures (p< 0.001) and lower oxygen saturation (p< 0.001). Of all participants, 56 patients died (26.8% mortality), including 32 out of 98 in the hypertension group (32.7%) and 24 out of 111 in the non-hypertension group (21.6%). Factors independently associated with death in those with hypertension were admission SBP < 100 mmHg (aOR: 12.8, 95% CI: 1.8 – 90.1) and respiratory rate > 24 cpm (aOR: 3.7, 95% CI: 1.1 – 12). In those without hypertension, factors independently associated with death were diabetes (aOR: 6.2, 95% CI: 1.9 – 20.5), HIV infection (aOR: 7.6, 95% CI: 1.4 – 41.2), admission SBP <100 mmHg (aOR: 6.2, 95% CI: 1.3 – 29). Conclusion. Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with hypertension were older, and had a higher co-existence of diabetes mellitus and lower oxygen saturation.
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. L'hypertension artérielle constituait une comorbidité prévalente chez les patients COVID-19 hospitalisés au Cameroun. Cette étude rétrospective a comparé les caractéristiques cliniques et les pronostics des patients hypertendus et non-hypertendus hospitalisés pour COVID-19. Méthodologie. Nous avons analysé rétrospectivement les données démographiques, cliniques et évolutives de patients adultes, avec un seuil de significativité à p<0,05. Résultats. Sur 209 patients inclus, 98 présentaient une hypertension (46,9% ; IC95%:40-53,9). Les patients hypertendus étaient significativement plus âgés (66,1±11,6 ans vs 54,5±19,2 ans; p<0,001) et présentaient un diabète concomitant plus fréquent (48% vs 16,2%; p<0,001). Ils affichaient des pressions artérielles plus élevées (p<0,001) mais une saturation en oxygène plus basse (p<0,001). La mortalité globale s'élevait à 26,8% (n=56), avec un taux supérieur chez les hypertendus (32,7% vs 21,6%). En analyse multivariée, l'hypotension admissionnelle (TA systolique <100 mmHg; ORa:12,8; IC95%:1,8-90,1) et la tachypnée (>24 rpm; ORa:3,7; IC95%:1,1-12) prédissaient le décès chez les hypertendus. Chez les non-hypertendus, le diabète (ORa:6,2; IC95%:1,9-20,5), le VIH (ORa:7,6; IC95%:1,4-41,2) et l'hypotension (ORa:6,2; IC95%:1,3-29) étaient associés à la mortalité. Conclusion. Les patients hypertendus hospitalisés pour COVID-19 présentent un risque accru de décompensation respiratoire et de mortalité, particulièrement en présence d'hypotension ou de tachypnée. Ces résultats soulignent la nécessité d'une surveillance renforcée des paramètres hémodynamiques et respiratoires dans cette population et d'une prise en charge agressive des comorbidités (diabète, VIH) chez les non-hypertendus.

Keywords

Hypertension Covid-19 Sub-saharan Africa Hypertension Covid-19 Afrique sub-saharienne

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Clovis Nkoke, Ahmadou Musa Jingi, Ronald Gobina, Cyrille Nkouonlack, & Denis Teuwafeu. (2025). Comparison of Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Cameroonian Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients with Hypertension to those Without Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study: Caractéristiques Cliniques et Devenir des Patients Camerounais COVID-19 Hospitalisés Hypertendus et non Hypertendus : Une Étude Transversale Comparative. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 26(8). https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v26i8.6907
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