Main Article Content

Abstract

ABSTRACT
Introduction. Hypertensive crises, characterized by a sudden and severe rise in blood pressure with or without acute target organ damage, remain a significant public health concern due to their high morbidity, mortality, and management cost. Understanding their epidemiological and clinical features is crucial for effective intervention strategies, especially in resource-limited settings. Methodology. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study at the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital and the Yaoundé General Hospital from January 2019 to December 2023. We included the complete medical records of patients aged 18 years and above who were admitted for hypertensive crises. Sociodemographic, clinical, and treatment-related data were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results. A total of 181 cases were included, with a hospital prevalence of hypertensive crises estimated at approximately 8%. The mean patient age was 56.5 ± 12.3 years, and the sex ratio (M:F) was 0.77. Of these, 76.2% had known hypertension, and 88.3% were on antihypertensive treatment, though only 11% demonstrated adherence. A sedentary lifestyle was the most common risk factor (81.1%), and headache was the leading symptom (34.4%). Hypertensive urgencies accounted for 48.6% of cases. Neurological complications were the most frequent, notably stroke (32.5%) and hypertensive encephalopathy (6.6%), followed by acute pulmonary edema (2.7%). Conclusion. Hypertensive crises predominantly affected middle-aged adults, especially women with poorly controlled hypertension and sedentary lifestyles. Hypertensive urgencies were more common than emergencies, with neurological symptoms being the most frequent clinical presentations. Improved prevention, education, and adherence strategies are urgently needed.
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Les crises hypertensives, caractérisées par une élévation soudaine et sévère de la tension artérielle avec ou sans atteinte aiguë des organes cibles, demeurent un problème de santé publique majeur en raison de leur morbidité, de leur mortalité et de leurs coûts de prise en charge élevés. Comprendre leurs caractéristiques épidémiologiques et cliniques est crucial pour des stratégies d'intervention efficaces, en particulier dans les contextes à ressources limitées. Méthodologie. Nous avons mené une étude descriptive rétrospective au Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Yaoundé et à l'Hôpital Général de Yaoundé, de janvier 2019 à décembre 2023. Nous avons inclus les dossiers médicaux complets de patients âgés de 18 ans et plus qui ont été admis pour des crises hypertensives. Les données sociodémographiques, cliniques et thérapeutiques ont été collectées et analysées à l'aide du logiciel SPSS version 26. Résultats. Un total de 181 cas a été inclus, avec une prévalence des crises hypertensives estimée à environ 8 %. L'âge moyen des patients était de 56,5 ± 12,3 ans, et le sex-ratio (H:F) était de 0,77. Parmi eux, 76,2 % souffraient d'une hypertension artérielle connue et 88,3 % étaient sous traitement, bien que seulement 11 % aient montré une bonne observance. La sédentarité était le facteur de risque le plus fréquent (81,1 %), et les céphalées étaient le symptôme principal (34,4 %). Les urgences hypertensives représentaient 48,6 % des cas. Les complications neurologiques étaient les plus fréquentes, notamment les accidents vasculaires cérébraux (32,5 %) et l'encéphalopathie hypertensive (6,6 %), suivies par l'œdème aigu du poumon (2,7 %). Conclusion. Les crises hypertensives ont principalement touché les adultes d'âge moyen, en particulier les femmes souffrant d'une hypertension mal contrôlée et d'un mode de vie sédentaire. Les urgences hypertensives étaient plus fréquentes que les urgences-graves, avec des symptômes neurologiques comme présentations cliniques les plus courantes. Des stratégies de prévention, d'éducation et d'observance améliorées sont nécessaires de toute urgence.

Keywords

Crises hypertensives, Faible observance, Sédentarité, Complications neurologiques Hypertensive Crises, Poor Adherence, Sedentary Lifestyle, Neurological Complications

Article Details

How to Cite
Ndobo Valerie, Ada Kanbaye Medom Hadia, Owona Amalia, Kollo Nzima Brice Kevin, Jemea Bonaventure, & Ndongo Amougou Sylvie. (2025). Hypertensive Crises in a Cameroonian Hospital Setting: A Cross-Sectional Retrospective Study of 181 Cases : Crises Hypertensives en Milieu Hospitalier Camerounais : Une Étude Rétrospective Transversale de 181 Cas. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 26(10). https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v26i10.7059

References

  1. 1. Aggiusti C, Bertacchini F, Agabiti Rosei C, Maruelli G, Arnoldi C, Cappellini S, et al. Definitions and Epidemiological Aspects of Hypertensive Urgencies and Emergencies. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev Off J Ital Soc Hypertens. 2018;25(3):241‑4.
  2. 2. Angeli F, Reboldi G, Verdecchia P. Hypertensive urgencies and emergencies: Misconceptions and pitfalls. Eur J Intern Med. 2020;71:15‑7.
  3. 3. Kuate Defo B, Mbanya JC, Kingue S, Tardif J-C, Choukem SP, Perreault S, et al. Blood pressure and burden of hypertension in Cameroon, a microcosm of Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies. J Hypertens. 2019;37(11):2190‑9.
  4. 4. Yameogo RA, Mandi DG, Yameogo NV, Millogo GRC, Kologo KJ, Toguyeni BJY, et al. La super hypertension artérielle en milieu cardiologique au Burkina Faso. Ann Cardiol Angéiologie. 2014;63(3):151‑4.
  5. 5. Najlaa D, Fz B, Nawal D, Med C, Raja B. [Management of Ambulatory Hypertension by General Practitioners at the PHCF in Rabat]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris). 2023;72(1):31‑5.
  6. 6. Dzudie A, Njume E, Boombhi J, Awungia A, Ndom MS, Ebasone PV, et al. May Measurement Month 2018: blood pressure screening results in Cameroon. Eur Heart J Suppl J Eur Soc Cardiol. 2020;22(Suppl H):H33‑6.
  7. 7. Nkoke C, Noubiap JJ, Dzudie A, M Jingi A, Njume D, Teuwafeu D, et al. Epidemiology of hypertensive crisis in the Buea Regional Hospital, Cameroon. J Clin Hypertens Greenwich Conn. 2020;22(11):2105‑10.
  8. 8. Nakalema I, Kaddumukasa M, Nakibuuka J, Okello E, Sajatovic M, Katabira E. Prevalence, patterns and factors associated with hypertensive crises in Mulago hospital emergency department; a cross-sectional study. Afr Health Sci. 2019;19(1):1757‑67.
  9. 9. Vallelonga F, Carbone F, Benedetto F, Airale L, Totaro S, Leone D, et al. Accuracy of a Symptom-Based Approach to Identify Hypertensive Emergencies in the Emergency Department. J Clin Med. 2020;9(7):2201.
  10. 10. Calderon-Ocon V, Cueva-Peredo F, Bernabe-Ortiz A. Prevalence, trends, and factors associated with hypertensive crisis among Peruvian adults. Cad Saude Publica. 2024;40(2):e00155123.
  11. 11. Shao PJ, Sawe HR, Murray BL, Mfinanga JA, Mwafongo V, Runyon MS. Profile of patients with hypertensive urgency and emergency presenting to an urban emergency department of a tertiary referral hospital in Tanzania. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 22018;18(1):158.
  12. 12. Abebe AT, Kebede YT, Mohammed BD. An Assessment of the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertensive Crisis in Patients Who Visited the Emergency Outpatient Department (EOPD) at Adama Hospital Medical College, Adama, Oromia, Ethiopia: A 6-Month Prospective Study. Int J Hypertens. 2024;2024:6893267.
  13. 13. Fragoulis C, Dimitriadis K, Siafi E, Iliakis P, Kasiakogias A, Kalos T, et al. Profile and management of hypertensive urgencies and emergencies in the emergency cardiology department of a tertiary hospital: a 12-month registry. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2022;29(1):194‑201.
  14. 14. Yizengaw MA, Chemeda K, Kumela K, Tesfaye BT. In-hospital outcomes of patients with a hypertensive emergency at a medical center, Ethiopia: A prospective observational study. Health Sci Rep. 2022;5(5):e845.
  15. 15. Talle M, Doubell A, Robbertse P-P, Lahri S, Herbst P. Clinical Profile of Patients with Hypertensive Emergency Referred to a Tertiary Hospital in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Curr Hypertens Rev. 2023.

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.