Main Article Content

Abstract

ABSTRACT
Introduction. Malaria infection in pregnancy remains a major public health problem in Sub -Saharan Africa. Several studies have been conducted on this subject in Cameroon, but none to date in the South region of Cameroon. The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of malaria and associated factors among pregnant women at the Ebolowa Regional Hospital Centre. Methodology. This was a hospital based cross-sectional study with an analytical component conducted over a 6 months period from July 1st 2024 to January 1st, 2025, at the Ebolowa Regional hospital Centre(ERHC). We included all pregnant women who underwent a malaria diagnostic thick blood smear during the study period. Data were collected using a previously tested and validated questionnaire. Association between independent and dependent variables was determined using the Chi square test and those significantly associated with positive malaria thick smear were used for multivariate analysis. Results. We included 306 pregnant women. The prevalence of malaria was 65.5%. The mean age of participants was 26.5± 3.2 years. In a multivariate analysis, not using insecticides treated nets (AOR ;2.5 CI 1.5- 4.5; p < 0.001), non-intake of sulfadoxine pyrimethamine prophylaxy (AOR ;1.7 CI 1.0- 2.8; p = 0.04), and living in a rural area (AOR ;2.1 CI 1.3- 3.4; p < 0.005) were the independent factors associated to malaria in pregnancy. Conclusion. The prevalence of malaria among pregnant women was quite high in our study compared to other studies, suggesting the need to intensify awareness and fight against malaria during pregnancy in this zone.
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Le paludisme chez la femme enceinte demeure un problème de santé publique majeur en Afrique subsaharienne. Plusieurs études ont été menées à ce sujet au Cameroun, mais aucune à ce jour dans la région du Sud. L'objectif de notre étude était de déterminer la prévalence du paludisme et les facteurs associés chez les femmes enceintes du Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Ebolowa. Méthodologie. Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale à base hospitalière avec une composante analytique menée sur une période de 6 mois, du 1er juillet 2024 au 1er janvier 2025, au Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Ebolowa (CHRE). Nous avons inclus toutes les femmes enceintes ayant subi un frottis sanguin épais pour le diagnostic du paludisme pendant la période d'étude. Les données ont été recueillies à l'aide d'un questionnaire préalablement testé et validé. L'association entre les variables indépendantes et dépendantes a été déterminée à l'aide du test du Chi-carré, et celles significativement associées à un frottis sanguin épais positif pour le paludisme ont été utilisées pour l'analyse multivariée. Résultats. Nous avons inclus 306 femmes enceintes. La prévalence du paludisme était de 65,5%. L'âge moyen des participantes était de 26,5±3,2 ans. En analyse multivariée, la non-utilisation de moustiquaires imprégnées d'insecticide (ORa :2,5, IC 95% :1,5−4,5, p<0,001), la non-prise de la prophylaxie à base de Sulfadoxine-Pyriméthamine (ORa:1,7, IC 95%:1,0−2,8, p=0,04), et le fait de résider en zone rurale (ORa:2,1, IC 95%:1,3−3,4, p<0,005) étaient les facteurs indépendants associés au paludisme pendant la grossesse. Conclusion. La prévalence du paludisme chez les femmes enceintes était assez élevée dans notre étude comparativement à d'autres études, ce qui suggère la nécessité d'intensifier la sensibilisation et la lutte contre le paludisme pendant la grossesse dans cette zone.

Keywords

Prevalence, associated factors, Malaria, pregnancy, Ebolowa

Article Details

How to Cite
Messakop MY, Lendem I, Makemgue LS, Ndoumba A, Yomon ND, Elah C, … Ekono GM. (2025). Prevalence of Laboratory Confirmed Malaria and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women at the South Region of Cameroon: Prévalence du Paludisme Confirmé en Laboratoire et Facteurs Associés chez les Femmes Enceintes dans la Région du Sud du Cameroun. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 26(11). https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v26i11.7161

References

  1. 1. Riley EM, Hviid L, Theander TG. Malaria. In: Kierszenbaum F, editor. Parasitic Infections and the Immune System. 1sted. New York: Academic Press; 1994. P.119-43.
  2. 2. WHO. World malaria report Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023 Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 30 IGO. 2023
  3. 3. WHO. World malaria report 2024: addressing inequity in the global malaria response. Geneva: World Health Organization; Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 30 IGO. 2024.
  4. 4. Kuete T, Essome H, Moche LB, Anabianina N, Mangamba CK, Ekobo AS. Prevalence, Associated Factors and Treatment Outcomes of Laboratory-confirmed Pregnancy Malaria at Antenatal Care in Three Healthcare Facilities of Douala, Cameroon. Int. J. Trop. Dis. Health. 2024 ;45(6):105-16
  5. 5. Elime FA, Nkenyi NR, Ako-Egbe L, Njunda A, Dickson N. Malaria in Pregnancy: Prevalence and Risk Factors in the Mamfe Health District, Cameroon. JAMMR 2019; 30(1): 1-11.
  6. 6. World Health Organization. Guidelines for the Treatment of malaria. Geneva: WHO. 2015 Aug 13.
  7. 7. Rogerson SJ, Boeuf P. New approaches to malaria in pregnancy. Parasitology. 2007;134(13): 1883-93.
  8. 8. Dobgima W.P, Achuo A.M, Ako T.W,Bakowe Tameh J,Boten M, Eyere A.F et al. Prevalence and associated factors of a positive Plasmodium falciparum antigen test among pregnant women at the Bamenda Regional Hospital, Cameroon: a cross-sectional analytical study PAMJ 2024 ;47(99) :10-11
  9. 9. Hadja F.C, Djiba D, Abdoulaye S, Adrien Fapeingou T, Mory K, Sidikiba S et al. Facteurs Associés à la Survenue du Paludisme chez les Femmes Enceintes en Guinée : Une Étude de Cohorte Rétrospective. Health Sci. Dis: 2024 ;25(10) :24-29
  10. 10. Kabalu JT, Zola MT, Mitashi P, Maketa V, Henk DF, Petra FM et al. Prevention of Malaria in Pregnant Women and Its Effects on Maternal and Child Health, the Case of Centre Hospitalier de Kingasani II in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Trop Med Infect Dis 2024;9(5):92.
  11. 11. Aung PP, Han KT, Groot W, Biesma R, Thein ZW, Htay T, et al. Heterogeneity in the prevalence of subclinical malaria, other co-infections and anemia among pregnant women in rural areas of Myanmar: a community-based longitudinal study. Trop Med Health. 2024;52(1):22.
  12. 12. Reddy V, Weiss DJ, Rozier J, Ter Kuile FO, Dellicour S. Global estimates of the number of pregnancies at risk of malaria from 2007 to 2020: a demographic study. Lancet Glob Health. 2023;11(1):40–7.
  13. 13. Bauserman M, Conroy AL, North K, Patterson J, Bose C, Meshnick S, editors. An overview of malaria in pregnancy. Seminars in perinatology; 2019: Elsevier.
  14. 14. Berhe AD, Doritchamou JY, Duffy PE. Malaria in pregnancy: adverse pregnancy outcomes and the future of prevention. Front Trop Dis. 2023; 4:1229735.
  15. 15. Obeagu E, Obeagu G. Neonatal outcomes in children born to mothers with severe Malaria, HIV, and transfusion history: a review. Elite J Nurs Health Sci. 2024;2(3):38–58.
  16. 16. Kamga SLS, Ali IM, Ngangnang GR, Ulucesme MC, Keptcheu LT, Keming EM, et al. Uptake of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy and risk factors for maternal anaemia and low birthweight among HIV-negative mothers in Dschang, West region of Cameroon: a cross sectional study. Malar J. 2024;23(1):6.
  17. 17. Gemechu T, Dedecha W, Gelchu M, Husen O, Jarso H. Asymptomatic malaria during pregnancy: prevalence, influence on anemia and associated factors in West Guji Zone, Ethiopia–a community-based study. Infect Drug Resist. 2023; 31:6747–55.
  18. 18. Berchie GO, Doe PF, Azu TD, Agyeiwaa J, Owusu G, Boso CM, et al. Uptake and effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine during pregnancy in Africa: a scoping review. Diseases. 2024;12(9):203
  19. 19. Reddy V, Weiss DJ, Rozier J, Kuile FOT, Dellicou S. Global estimates of the number of pregnancies at risk of malaria from 2007 to 2020: a demographic study. Lancet Glob Health. 2023;11: e40-7.
  20. 20. Bamou R, Tchuinkam T, Kopya E, Awono-Ambene P, Njiokou F,Mwangangi JM et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards malaria control of communities living in south Cameroon forest region. IJID Regions 2022 ;11(03) :169–176
  21. 21. Talipouo A, Ngadjeu CS, Doumbe-Belisse P, Djamouko-Djonkam L, Sonhafouo-Chiana N, Kopya E, Bamou R, Awono-Ambene P, Woromogo S, Kekeunou S. Malaria preven- tion in the city of Yaoundé: knowledge and practices of urban dwellers. Malar J 2019; 18:167 .
  22. 22. Nkuo-Akenji T, Ntonifor NN, Ndukum MB, Abongwa EL, Nkwescheu A, Anong DN et al. Environmental factors affecting malaria parasite prevalence in rural Bolifamba, South West Cameroon. Afri J Health Sci. 2006;13(1-2)40-6.
  23. 23. Sumo L, Mbah NE, Nana-Djeunga CH. Malaria in pregnancy in the Ndop Health District (North West Region, Cameroon): results from retrospective and prospective surveys. J Parasitol vector Bio. 2015 Oct 31;7(9): 177-81.
  24. 24. Severe Malaria Observatory. Cameroon malaria fact. In: Severe Malaria Observatory,Internet. cited 17 May 2024 Available on: https://www.severemalaria.org/countries/cameroon
  25. 25. Rapport National de Lutte contre le Paludisme (PNLP). Guide national du diagnostic biologiquedupaludisme. 2019.Available:http://onsp.minsante.cm/sites/default/files/publications/230/Rapport%20d%27activit_s%20 PNLP%202019.pdf.
  26. 26. Ifeanyi U, Onyebuchi V, Ukamaka T, Ugochukwu B. Asymptomatic Plasmodium parasitaemia in pregnant Nigerian women: almost a decade after Roll Back malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2009 Jan;103(1): 16-20
  27. 27. Ogbodo SO, Nwaga UI, Okaka AN, Ogenyi SC, koko RO, Nwagha, T. Malaria parasitaemia among pregnant women in a rural community of eastern Nigeria; need for combined measures. Niger J Physiol Sci. 2009 Dec;24(2): 95-100.
  28. 28. Celestine KM, Hirma, TN, Nadia NA, Symphorien E. and Jerome A. Malaria and Anemia among Pregnant Women in the Foumban Health District: West-Cameroon. Journal of Biosciences and Medicines, 2024 ; 12 : 305-314

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.