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Abstract
Introduction. In Cameroon, there is still no structured national programme for the prevention of oral diseases. This study seeks to identify oral diseases and hygiene practices among patients consulting in Edéa in order to build a database that can be used to plan preventive and curative interventions. Methodology. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from January to April 2025 on patients aged 16 years and older who consulted the stomatology department of the Edéa Regional Annex Hospital (HRAE). The Silness and Löe, Miller and CAO indices were used. Results. We registered 332 patients. The most represented age group was 16 to 35 years old (56%) with a male to female ratio of 1.06. 66.3% of patients brushed their teeth twice a day, but only 29.5% had ever had their teeth scaled. Oral health knowledge was considered adequate in 54.5% of subjects. Dental diseases (59.6%), periodontal diseases (38.8%) and caries complications (33.1%) were the main conditions observed. The median CAO index was 3 [IQR 1–5]. Pain remained the main reason for consultation (77.1%), and simple extraction was the most common therapeutic procedure (89.2%). Conclusion. These results reveal a significant disease burden and a lack of prevention. They highlight the need to increase community awareness, improve access to conservative care and develop a national oral health programme in Cameroon.
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References
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- 2. OMS. Oral health. Genève: Organisation Mondiale de la Santé; 2025 [updated 17 mars 2025]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/oral-health.
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- 11. Miller SC. Textbook of periodontia (oral medicine). Blakiston's Son ed. Philadelphia.1938. 631 p.
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- 13. Moussa M, Kourouma A, Kolié A, Camara A. La santé bucco-dentaire des patients hospitalisés à l'hôpital national de Niamey. Health Sciences & Disease. 2021;22(12):132-4.
- 14. Kane AST, Guirassy ML, Touré K, Diallo B, Diawara O, Sita-Cresp BA, et al. Evaluation de l'hygiène buccodentaire des patients consultant le service d'odontostomatologie du centre de santé de référence de Ouelessebougou au Mali. Afr J Dentistry and Implantology. 2020;17:22-32.
- 15. Mbassi Awa HD, Bekono A, Tamgnoue GA, Bengondo Messanga C, Koki Ndombo PO. Hygiène buccodentaire, formes cliniques des lésions carieuses et parodontopathies chez les enfants handicapés dans deux centres spécialisés de Yaoundé. Health Sciences & Disease. 2018;19(1).
- 16. Kimmie-Dhansay F, Bhayat A. Prevalence of dental caries in the permanent dentition amongst 12-year-olds in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22(1):453.
- 17. Ménard C, Grizeau-Clemens D, Wemaere J. Santé bucco-dentaire des adultes. Evolutions. 2016;35.
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- 19. Astroth J, Berg R, Berkey D, McDowell J, Hamman R, Mann J. Dental caries prevalence and treatment need in Chiriqui Province, Panama. Int Dent J. 1998;48(3):203-9.
References
1. Tchere ML, Ndiaye C, Bourgeois D. [Oral health surveillance in Africa: current review of policies and strategies]. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 2009;57(6):419-28.
2. OMS. Oral health. Genève: Organisation Mondiale de la Santé; 2025 [updated 17 mars 2025]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/oral-health.
3. OMS. The global health observatory: Oral health data portal. Genève: Organisation Mondiale de la Santé; 2025 [updated en 2025]. Available from: https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/oral-health-data-portal.
4. Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, et al. Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2024 [updated en 2025]. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today.
5. Jevdjevic M, Listl S. Global, Regional, and Country-Level Economic Impacts of Oral Conditions in 2019. J Dent Res. 2025;104(1):17-21.
6. OMS Afrique. L'Afrique est confrontée à la plus forte hausse des maladies bucco-dentaires dans le monde. Genève: Organisation Mondiale de la Santé; 2023 [updated 20 mars 2023]. Available from: https://www.afro.who.int/fr/news/lafrique-est-confrontee-la-plus-forte-hausse-des-maladies-bucco-dentaires-dans-le-monde.
7. Montastruc JL, Bondon-Guitton E, Abadie D, Lacroix I, Berreni A, Pugnet G, et al. Pharmacovigilance, risks and adverse effects of self-medication. Therapie. 2016;71(2):257-62.
8. Petersen PE, Lennon MA. Effective use of fluorides for the prevention of dental caries in the 21st century: the WHO approach. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2004;32(5):319-21.
9. Majoli S. Santé et hygiène bucco-dentaires au Cameroun: étude préliminaire pour la mise en place d'un programme de prévention chez les écoliers. Doctoral thesis. Geneva: University of Geneva; 2003.
10. Silness J, Loe H. Periodontal disease in pregnancy. II. Correlation between oral hygiene and periodontal condition. Acta Odontol Scand. 1964;22:121-35.
11. Miller SC. Textbook of periodontia (oral medicine). Blakiston's Son ed. Philadelphia.1938. 631 p.
12. OMS. Oral health surveys: basic methods - 5th ed. Genève: Organisation Mondiale de la Santé; 2013.
13. Moussa M, Kourouma A, Kolié A, Camara A. La santé bucco-dentaire des patients hospitalisés à l'hôpital national de Niamey. Health Sciences & Disease. 2021;22(12):132-4.
14. Kane AST, Guirassy ML, Touré K, Diallo B, Diawara O, Sita-Cresp BA, et al. Evaluation de l'hygiène buccodentaire des patients consultant le service d'odontostomatologie du centre de santé de référence de Ouelessebougou au Mali. Afr J Dentistry and Implantology. 2020;17:22-32.
15. Mbassi Awa HD, Bekono A, Tamgnoue GA, Bengondo Messanga C, Koki Ndombo PO. Hygiène buccodentaire, formes cliniques des lésions carieuses et parodontopathies chez les enfants handicapés dans deux centres spécialisés de Yaoundé. Health Sciences & Disease. 2018;19(1).
16. Kimmie-Dhansay F, Bhayat A. Prevalence of dental caries in the permanent dentition amongst 12-year-olds in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22(1):453.
17. Ménard C, Grizeau-Clemens D, Wemaere J. Santé bucco-dentaire des adultes. Evolutions. 2016;35.
18. Diawara O, Ba B, Niang A, Kouyate M, Nimaga A, Ba M, et al. Les infections buccodentaires des élèves des écoles coraniques de Koutiala : connaissances, attitudes, et pratiques. Rev Mali Infectiol Microbiol. 2018;1(11).
19. Astroth J, Berg R, Berkey D, McDowell J, Hamman R, Mann J. Dental caries prevalence and treatment need in Chiriqui Province, Panama. Int Dent J. 1998;48(3):203-9.