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ABSTRACT
Background. Vascular-access infection is one of the most frequent complications in chronic hemodialysis, with major repercussions on patients’ quality of life, clinical management, and survival. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with vascular-access infections among chronic hemodialysis patients treated at the Douala General Hospital (DGH) hemodialysis unit. Methods. We carried out a prospective study over nine months at the DGH hemodialysis unit, enrolling and following 300 consecutive patients. Sociodemographic, clinical, and treatment-related data were collected with a structured questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic-regression analyses were used to determine predictors of vascular-access infection. Results. Of the 300 patients, 263 met the inclusion criteria; their mean age was 49 ± 14 years. The prevalence of infection was 16 % for catheter-related access and 1.5 % for arteriovenous fistulas. Independent predictors of infection were male sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.76; p = 0.01), hypertension (aOR = 14; p = 0.003), Burkholderia cepacia isolation (aOR = 8.4; p = 0.01), and inadequate hygiene practices (aOR = 2.86; p = 0.02). Conclusion. The substantial burden of vascular-access infections in this setting highlights the need for nephrologists to give special consideration to male patients, maintain strict blood-pressure control, routinely screen for Burkholderia cepacia, and enforce rigorous hygiene protocols during dialysis sessions. Implementing these measures should help lower infection rates and, in turn, improve the management, quality of life, and survival of patients with chronic kidney disease.
RÉSUMÉ
Contexte. L’infection de l’accès vasculaire figure parmi les complications les plus fréquentes en hémodialyse chronique, avec des répercussions majeures sur la qualité de vie, la prise en charge clinique et la survie des patients. Cette étude visait à identifier les facteurs associés aux infections de l’accès vasculaire chez les patients en hémodialyse chronique pris en charge à l’unité d’hémodialyse de l’Hôpital Général de Douala (HGD). Méthodes. Nous avons mené une étude prospective sur neuf mois à l’unité d’hémodialyse de l’HGD, incluant et suivant 300 patients consécutifs. Les données sociodémographiques, cliniques et thérapeutiques ont été recueillies à l’aide d’un questionnaire structuré. Des analyses de régression logistique univariée et multivariée ont été réalisées afin d’identifier les prédicteurs d’infection de l’accès vasculaire. Résultats. Sur les 300 patients, 263 remplissaient les critères d’inclusion ; l’âge moyen était de 49 ± 14 ans. La prévalence de l’infection était de 16 % pour les accès de type cathéter et de 1,5 % pour les fistules artérioveineuses. Les prédicteurs indépendants d’infection étaient le sexe masculin (odds ratio ajusté [ORa] = 1,76 ; p = 0,01), l’hypertension artérielle (ORa = 14 ; p = 0,003), l’isolement de Burkholderia cepacia (ORa = 8,4 ; p = 0,01) et des pratiques d’hygiène insuffisantes (ORa = 2,86 ; p = 0,02). Conclusion. Le fardeau important des infections de l’accès vasculaire dans ce contexte souligne la nécessité pour les néphrologues d’accorder une attention particulière aux patients de sexe masculin, d’assurer un contrôle strict de la pression artérielle, de dépister régulièrement Burkholderia cepacia et d’appliquer des protocoles d’hygiène rigoureux durant les séances de dialyse. La mise en œuvre de ces mesures devrait contribuer à réduire les taux d’infection et, par conséquent, à améliorer la prise en charge, la qualité de vie et la survie des patients atteints de maladie rénale chronique.

Keywords

associated factors, vascular access, chronic, hemodialysis, infectious complications facteurs associés, accès vasculaire, hémodialyse chronique, complications infectieuses

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Elimby Ngande Lionel Patrick Joel, Nguea Ndjame Arlette, & Fouda Hermine. (2026). Factors Associated with Infection-Related Complications of Vascular Access in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients in Douala: Facteurs Associés aux Complications Infectieuses Liées à l’Accès Vasculaire chez les Patients en Hémodialyse Chronique à Douala. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 27(2). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18283060
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