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Abstract
Introduction. Neurological diseases represent a significant public health concern in developing countries. In Cameroon, the available data on this subject are relatively heterogeneous, with the majority of studies concentrated in urban areas. It was thus proposed that the study be conducted in two hospitals, one in an urban and one in a rural setting. Our objective was to determine the spectrum of neurological diseases at the Yaoundé Central Hospital (YCH) and the Bafoussam Regional Hospital (BRH).Methodology. We conducted an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study at the HCY and HRB over a 02-year period. Patients’ data were collected from clinical records using a questionnaire. The tenth edition of the International Classification of Diseases was used to classify the neurological diseases encountered. Results. A total of 489 patients were enrolled in the study, 252 from YCH and 237 from BRH. The mean age of the sample was 51.2 ± 18, 6 years, with a F/M ratio of 1.03. The most prevalent medical history was hypertension (46.6%), followed by HIV infection (15.1%). The prevalence of episodic and paroxysmal conditions was higher in the study hospitals (53.8%). The principal discrepancies in aetiology between the two study hospitals were as follows: the frequency of epilepsy in YCH (9.1%), which was three times higher than in BRH (3.0%), and the frequency of trauma in BRH, where it was exclusively found (16.5%). The overall outcome was favourable in 70.3% of patients, but unfavourable outcomes were more prevalent in BRH (16.5%) than in YCH (9.9%). The overall mortality rate was 12.7%, with over half of these deaths occurring at BRH. Conclusion. Neurological conditions represent a significant burden among patients in our two study hospitals. The pathologies found are diverse and significant, confirming the wide variability of neurological conditions. It is therefore evident that there is a necessity to increase awareness among the general public and healthcare professionals of the advantages of developing additional strategies to alleviate the impact of these conditions in our society.
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References
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- 8. Tegueu CK, Nguefack S, Doumbe J, et al. The spectrum of neurological disorders presenting at a neurology clinic in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Pan Afr Med J 2013; 14: 148
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- 10. Mapoure NY, Doumbe JI, Massi DG, et al. Clinical epidemiology of neurological diseases in the city of Douala. Rev Médecine Pharm 2018; 8: 738-750
- 11. Brinkhof MWG, Boulle A, Weigel R, et al. Mortality of HIV-infected patients starting antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa: comparison with HIV-unrelated mortality. Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis.2009;4(6):e5790
- 12. Bongnso et al. The Spectrum of Disease in the Out-patient Department in the Yaounde Central Hospital and Douala General Hospital. M D Thesis. FMBS Yaounde I; 2012:112p
- 13. Tsegaw M, Andargie G, Alem G, et al. Screening HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) among HIV positive patients attending antiretroviral therapy in South Wollo, Ethiopia. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 85: 37-41
- 14. Njamnshi AK. Aetiologies and risk factors of adult epilepsy: the experience of Yaoundé Central Hospital (Cameroon). Epub ahead of print.2010;22(1):74-8..
- 15. Mukendi D, Lilo Kalo J-R, Mpanya A, et al. Clinical Spectrum, Etiology, and Outcome of Neurological Disorders in the Rural Hospital of Mosango, the Democratic Republic of Congo. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 97: 1454-1460.
References
1. World Health Organization. Director-General's summary report, April 2021. [Online]. https://apps.who.int. cited 13 January 2022
2. GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol 2019; 18: 459-480.
3. Winkler AS. The growing burden of neurological disorders in low-income and middle-income countries: priorities for policy making. Lancet Neurol 2020; 19: 200-202.
4. Seybou Hassane D, Youssoufa N. Epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic profile of patients hospitalised in the neurology department of CHU Gabriel Touré in 2016. Revue internationale des Sciences Médicales d'Abidjan.2019;(21):124-129
5. Gnonlonfoun d1,adjien kc, Ossou-nguiet PM, Mapoure y, Houinato DL, Avode DG La Fréquence Hospitalière des Affections neurologiques au CNHU-HKM de Cotonou. J Soc Biol Clin. 2013; 18: 43-48.
6. Doumbe J. Neurological Disease Surveillance in Cameroon, a Rural and Urban-Based Inout Patient Population Study. Clin Neurol Neurosci 2019; 3: 24.
7. Winkler A, Mosser phillip et al. Neurological disorders in rural africa - a systematic approach. African Journal of Neurological Sciences. 2008;(27):19-29.
8. Tegueu CK, Nguefack S, Doumbe J, et al. The spectrum of neurological disorders presenting at a neurology clinic in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Pan Afr Med J 2013; 14: 148
9. Sarfo FS, Akassi J, Badu E, et al. Profile of neurological disorders in an adult neurology clinic in Kumasi, Ghana. eNeurologicalSci 2016; 3: 69-74.
10. Mapoure NY, Doumbe JI, Massi DG, et al. Clinical epidemiology of neurological diseases in the city of Douala. Rev Médecine Pharm 2018; 8: 738-750
11. Brinkhof MWG, Boulle A, Weigel R, et al. Mortality of HIV-infected patients starting antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa: comparison with HIV-unrelated mortality. Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis.2009;4(6):e5790
12. Bongnso et al. The Spectrum of Disease in the Out-patient Department in the Yaounde Central Hospital and Douala General Hospital. M D Thesis. FMBS Yaounde I; 2012:112p
13. Tsegaw M, Andargie G, Alem G, et al. Screening HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) among HIV positive patients attending antiretroviral therapy in South Wollo, Ethiopia. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 85: 37-41
14. Njamnshi AK. Aetiologies and risk factors of adult epilepsy: the experience of Yaoundé Central Hospital (Cameroon). Epub ahead of print.2010;22(1):74-8..
15. Mukendi D, Lilo Kalo J-R, Mpanya A, et al. Clinical Spectrum, Etiology, and Outcome of Neurological Disorders in the Rural Hospital of Mosango, the Democratic Republic of Congo. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 97: 1454-1460.