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Abstract

ABSTRACT
Introduction. Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health concern in Cameroon. Diagnosing TB in children and adolescents is challenging, with up to half of cases undetected. This study aimed to characterize and compare clinical and radiological indicators of pulmonary TB in pediatric patients. Methodology. We conducted a retrospective hospital based cross sectional study at the Respiratory Disease Centre, Laquintinie Hospital, Douala. 232 participants aged 0–19 years followed for pulmonary TB between January 2024 and March 2025 were included. Primary outcomes were clinical and radiological signs; secondary outcomes included laboratory findings. Results. Fever (78%) and cough (88.4%) were the most common presenting complaints. Adolescents more frequently reported chest pain (85.3%, p=0.000) and hemoptysis (75.0%, p=0.000), often in chronic infections (56%), whereas children presented predominantly with acute (41.7%) or subacute (21.9%) symptoms. Rhonchi were more common in children (84.2%, p=0.000). Gene Xpert was less sensitive, with 66.7% of children testing negative, while sputum smear microscopy was positive in 57.7% of adolescents (p=0.000). Interstitial opacity was the most frequent lesion (98.8%), though significantly less common in children (29.2%, p=0.000). Conclusion. Children typically presented with acute or subacute symptoms, airway compression signs, and limited radiological abnormalities, while adolescents more often showed chronic disease, tachycardia, and parenchymal destruction. Sputum smear microscopy proved more useful in adolescents, underscoring age specific diagnostic differences.
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. La tuberculose (TB) demeure un problème majeur de santé au Cameroun. Le diagnostic chez l’enfant et l’adolescent reste difficile, avec près de la moitié des cas non détectés. Cette étude visait à caractériser et comparer les indicateurs cliniques et radiologiques de la TB pulmonaire pédiatrique. Méthodologie. Étude rétrospective transversale menée au Centre des maladies respiratoires de l’Hôpital Laquintinie de Douala. 232 participants âgés de 0 à 19 ans, suivis pour TB pulmonaire entre janvier 2024 et mars 2025, ont été inclus. Les principaux critères étaient les signes cliniques et radiologiques ; les critères secondaires incluaient les résultats biologiques. Résultats. La fièvre (78 %) et la toux (88,4 %) étaient les motifs de consultation les plus fréquents. Les adolescents présentaient davantage de douleurs thoraciques (85,3 %) et d’hémoptysies (75,0 %), souvent dans un contexte chronique (56 %), tandis que les enfants manifestaient surtout des formes aiguës (41,7 %) ou subaiguës (21,9 %). Les ronchi étaient plus fréquents chez les enfants (84,2 %). Le test Gene Xpert était peu sensible (66,7 % négatif chez les enfants), alors que la microscopie des frottis était positive chez 57,7 % des adolescents. Radiologiquement, l’opacité interstitielle était la lésion la plus fréquente (98,8 %), mais moins observée chez les enfants (29,2 %). Conclusion. Les enfants présentaient surtout des symptômes aigus ou subaigus avec signes de compression bronchique et peu d’anomalies radiologiques ; tandis que les adolescents manifestaient davantage de formes chroniques avec destructions parenchymateuses. La microscopie s’avère plus utile chez les adolescents, soulignant des différences diagnostiques selon l’âge.

Keywords

Pulmonary tuberculosis, Pediatric tuberculosis, Diagnostic methods, Clinical presentation, Radiological findings Tuberculose pulmonaire, Tuberculose pédiatrique, Méthodes diagnostiques, Présentation clinique, Signes radiographiques

Article Details

How to Cite
Endale Mangamba Laurent-Mireille, Dongmo Fomekong Sylviane, Ango Abessolo Marthe-Kelly, Djike Puepi Yolande, Metchendje Noudui Jules, Fotopouo Tchebetchou Kisito, … Mbatchou Ngahane Bertrand Hugo. (2026). Clinical, Radiological and Biological Characteristics of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children and Adolescents in a Tertiary Level Hospital, in Douala-Cameroon: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study: Caractéristiques Cliniques, Radiologiques et Biologiques de la Tuberculose Pulmonaire Chez les Enfants et les Adolescents dans un Hôpital de Niveau Tertiaire à Douala‑Cameroun : Une Étude Transversale Rétrospective. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 27(4), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19086484

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