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Abstract
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. L’infection par le virus de l’hépatite B (VHB) demeure un problème majeur de santé publique, particulièrement en Afrique subsaharienne où l’endémicité est élevée. Les patients diabétiques de type 2 constituent une population vulnérable, en raison des soins répétés, des prélèvements sanguins fréquents et du risque accru d’exposition aux dispositifs médicaux. L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer le statut vaccinal contre le VHB et d’identifier les facteurs associés à la vaccination chez les patients diabétiques de type 2 suivis en ambulatoire au CHU de Conakry. Méthodes. Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale descriptive et analytique menée sur une période d’un an (1er décembre 2019 au 30 avril 2020) au CHU de Conakry. Ont été inclus les patients diabétiques de type 2 suivis en consultation ambulatoire. Les données sociodémographiques, cliniques, biologiques et le statut vaccinal contre le VHB ont été recueillis. Une analyse multivariée a été réalisée afin d’identifier les facteurs indépendamment associés à la vaccination contre le VHB. Résultats. Au total, 1 307 patients ont été inclus. L’âge moyen était de 55,9 ± 12,4 ans, avec une prédominance féminine (66,2 %). L’indice de masse corporelle moyen était de 26,7 ± 5,4 kg/m². L’hypertension artérielle était retrouvée chez 48,2 % des patients, et la dyslipidémie chez 68 %. L’HbA1c moyenne était de 9,4 ± 2,8 %. La vaccination contre le VHB était retrouvée chez 152 patients, soit une prévalence de 11,6 %. En analyse multivariée, une HbA1c < 7 % était le seul facteur indépendamment associé à la vaccination contre le VHB (OR : 2,45 (IC 95% : 1,72 – 3,22). Conclusion. La couverture vaccinale contre le VHB chez les diabétiques de type 2 suivis en ambulatoire au CHU de Conakry était faible. Ces résultats soulignent la nécessité d’intégrer systématiquement le dépistage du statut vaccinal et la vaccination contre le VHB dans le suivi des patients diabétiques, en particulier dans les structures de soins ambulatoires.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major public health problem, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where it is highly endemic. Patients with type 2 diabetes constitute a vulnerable population, due to repeated medical care, frequent blood sampling and an increased risk of exposure to medical devices. The aim of this study was to assess HBV vaccination status and to identify factors associated with vaccination among type 2 diabetic patients receiving outpatient care at Conakry University Hospital. Methods. This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study conducted over a one-year period (1 December 2019 to 30 April 2020) at Conakry University Hospital. The study included type 2 diabetic patients receiving outpatient care. Sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory data, as well as HBV vaccination status, were collected. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify factors independently associated with HBV vaccination. Results. A total of 1,307 patients were included. The mean age was 55.9 ± 12.4 years, with a predominance of women (66.2%). The mean body mass index was 26.7 ± 5.4 kg/m². Hypertension was present in 48.2% of patients, and dyslipidaemia in 68%. The mean HbA1c was 9.4 ± 2.8%. HBV vaccination was recorded in 152 patients, representing a prevalence of 11.6%. In multivariate analysis, an HbA1c < 7% was the only factor independently associated with HBV vaccination (OR: 2.45 (95% CI: 1.72–3.22). Conclusion. Hepatitis B vaccination coverage among type 2 diabetics receiving outpatient care at Conakry University Hospital was low. These results highlight the need to systematically integrate screening for vaccination status and hepatitis B vaccination into the management of diabetic patients, particularly in outpatient care settings.
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References
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References
1. Liaw YF, Tai DI, Chu CM, Chen TJ. The development of cirrhosis in patients with chronic type B hepatitis: a prospective study. Hepatology. 1988 May-Jun;8(3):493-6.
2. Domínguez A, Avellón A, Hernando V, Soldevila N, Borràs E, Martínez A, Izquierdo C, Torner N, Pericas C, Rius C, Godoy P. Hepatitis B Virus-Related Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Hospital Discharge Rates from 2005 to 2021 in Spain: Impact of Universal Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel). 2024 Nov 4;12(11):1254. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12111254.
3. Diallo D, Diallo K, Diallo, AM et al. Epidemiological, Clinical and Biological Characteristics of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection Followed-Up at the University Hospital of Conakry, Guinea. Open Journal of Gastroenterology, 2020;10(256-265). doi: 10.4236/ojgas.2020.1010025.
4. World Health Organization. Global hepatitis report 2024: action for access in low- and middle-income countries. OMS, 2024
5. Souaré OII, Huws J, Diallo D, Diallo K. Epidemiology of viral hepatitis B and C in Guinea. Health Research in Africa, 2024;2(4). https://doi.org/10.5281/hra.v2i4.5456
6. Reilly ML, Schillie SF, Smith E et al. Increased risk of acute hepatitis B among adults with diagnosed diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2012 Jul 1;6(4):858-66.
7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Use of hepatitis B vaccination for adults with diabetes mellitus: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011 Dec 23;60(50):1709-11. PMID: 22189894.
8. Counard CA, Perz JF, Linchangco PC, Christiansen D, Ganova-Raeva L, Xia G, Jones S, Vernon MO. Acute hepatitis B outbreaks related to fingerstick blood glucose monitoring in two assisted living facilities. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010 Feb;58(2):306-11.
9. Byrd KK, Lu PJ, Murphy TV. Baseline hepatitis B vaccination coverage among persons with diabetes before implementing a U.S. recommendation for vaccination. Vaccine. 2012 May 14;30(23):3376-82).
10. Lu PJ, Hung MC, Srivastav A, Williams WW, Harris AM. Hepatitis B Vaccination Among Adults With Diabetes Mellitus, U.S., 2018. Am J Prev Med. 2021 Nov;61(5):652-664.
11. Aytaman A, Ojike N, Zizi S, Pandi-Perumal SR, Lukolic I, Bhanvadia A, Nwamaghinna F, Kamran H, Akivis A, Bankole O, Salifu MO, McFarlane SI. Hepatitis B Vaccination Rate in Patients with Diabetes: Assessment of Racial and Socioeconomic Disparity. Int J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016;2(1):024-27.
12. Muhammad Azami, N. A., Abdullah, N., Kamalul Ariffin, A. S., Abdullah, M. S., Dauni, A., Kamaruddin, M. A., & Jamal, R. (2023). Hepatitis B and influenza vaccination coverage in healthcare workers, the elderly, and patients with diabetes in Malaysia. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2023.2170660.
13. Schillie SF, Spradling PR, Murphy TV. Immune response of hepatitis B vaccine among persons with diabetes: a systematic review of the literature. Diabetes Care. 2012 Dec ;35(12):2690-7. doi: 10.2337/dc12-0312.
14. Chang Villacreses, M.M., Karnchanasorn, R., Ou, HY. et al. The impact of glucose tolerance state on seropositivity rate after hepatitis B vaccination. Sci Rep 12, 3087 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-07163-x.
