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Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant hematological disease characterized by clonal proliferation of myeloid blasts. Acute myeloid leukemia type 2 (AML2, FAB classification) is common and can be complicated by leukostasis syndrome, a major medical emergency. We report the case of a 36-year-old patient admitted for general malaise and febrile lymphadenopathy, in whom hyperleukocytic AML2 (223,000 WBC/mm³) was diagnosed. The clinical course was marked by the sudden onset of neurological symptoms secondary to cerebral leukostasis, confirmed by imaging. Despite supportive care, the outcome was fatal. This case illustrates the severity of this ischemic complication and the need for immediate management, ideally including leukapheresis.
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References
- 1. Famerie A, Sailliant S, Marechal H, et al. L’image du mois : leucostase cérébrale dans un contexte de leucémie aiguë. Rev Med Liege. 2024 ;79(11) :683-686.
- 2. Durani U, Hogan WJ. Emergencies in haematology: tumour lysis syndrome. Br J Haematol. 2020;188(4):494-500.
- 3. Bennett JM, Catovsky D, Daniel MT, Flandrin G, Galton DA, Gralnick HR, et al. Proposals for the classification of the acute leukaemias. French-American-British (FAB) cooperative group. Br J Haematol. 1976 ;33(4) :451-458.
- 4. Sekeres MA, Guyatt G, Abel G, Alibhai S, Altman JK, Buckstein R, et al. American Society of Hematology 2020 guidelines for treating newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia in older adults. Blood Adv. 2020 ;4(15):3528-3549.
- 5. Stuckey R, Lopez-Soto A, Segura-Diaz A, et al. Hyperleukocytosis and leukostasis in acute myeloid leukemia: does better understanding of molecular pathophysiology lead to novel treatments? Cells. 2020 ;9(10) :2310.
- 6. Schiavini G, Ségot A, Tsilimidos G, Papadopoulou V, Blum S. Initial management of acute leukemia and its complications. Rev Med Interne. 2025;46(9):588-593.
- 7. Oberoi S, Bewersdorf JP, Giri S, et al. Leukapheresis for the management of hyperleukocytosis in acute myeloid leukemia: à systematic review and meta-analysis. Transfusion. 2020 ;60(10) :2360-2369.
- 8. Röllig C, Ehninger G. How I treat hyperleukocytosis in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2015 ;125(21) :3246-3252
References
1. Famerie A, Sailliant S, Marechal H, et al. L’image du mois : leucostase cérébrale dans un contexte de leucémie aiguë. Rev Med Liege. 2024 ;79(11) :683-686.
2. Durani U, Hogan WJ. Emergencies in haematology: tumour lysis syndrome. Br J Haematol. 2020;188(4):494-500.
3. Bennett JM, Catovsky D, Daniel MT, Flandrin G, Galton DA, Gralnick HR, et al. Proposals for the classification of the acute leukaemias. French-American-British (FAB) cooperative group. Br J Haematol. 1976 ;33(4) :451-458.
4. Sekeres MA, Guyatt G, Abel G, Alibhai S, Altman JK, Buckstein R, et al. American Society of Hematology 2020 guidelines for treating newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia in older adults. Blood Adv. 2020 ;4(15):3528-3549.
5. Stuckey R, Lopez-Soto A, Segura-Diaz A, et al. Hyperleukocytosis and leukostasis in acute myeloid leukemia: does better understanding of molecular pathophysiology lead to novel treatments? Cells. 2020 ;9(10) :2310.
6. Schiavini G, Ségot A, Tsilimidos G, Papadopoulou V, Blum S. Initial management of acute leukemia and its complications. Rev Med Interne. 2025;46(9):588-593.
7. Oberoi S, Bewersdorf JP, Giri S, et al. Leukapheresis for the management of hyperleukocytosis in acute myeloid leukemia: à systematic review and meta-analysis. Transfusion. 2020 ;60(10) :2360-2369.
8. Röllig C, Ehninger G. How I treat hyperleukocytosis in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2015 ;125(21) :3246-3252